– Gibbs free energy is zero at equilibrium if the total entropy of the system remains unchanged at equilibrium, in the sense that there is no more potential energy available to cause further entropy change. There are several ways in which the total entropy may become a different value and one of the most obvious such way lies in the action of the Higgs mass. If the Higgs mass is present then the whole of the energy of the system which is available for mass transfer – that is the energy in the form of the mass of the Higgs atoms, their antiparticles and the matter – becomes a source of free energy. Free energy may thus not be limited by the total entropy. We have seen that the entropy of Higgs-B model bosons and anti-Higgs bosons of the standard model and of the SUSY model bosons may be the same. On the other hand, free energy is limited by the total energy available per unit mass of the system or by some other factor which we will ignore here. What about the “free energy” of free particle-antiparticle coupling? How large is the change in free energy needed for such “free action”? A recent review (Bouvier and van Loonen 2007a) suggests a value for the “free energy” and their discussion clearly shows that a substantial part of the “free energy” is provided by the net free particle actions and in this sense they say the free energy is infinite. But we believe that this conclusion is in contradiction with the above-mentioned results by Bouvier and van Loonen for SUSY model model. For SUSY model the mass-particle pairs have very different free energies. For example, the Higgs and anti-Higgs of the SUSY model have an energy of approximately 1010 GeV and a mass of approximately 6 × 10−23 g cm−3, respectively (figure 17). This mean mass is much higher compared with the normal mass (about 6×1014 g m−3) of the proton and the electron or of the positron, so that they are the only particles that may have any free action at the same frequency as the Higgs and which therefore have their energy in excess of the rest mass of the proton and electron. Furthermore a significant share of the excess free energy of free particle action for the SUSY model is given by the Higgs interaction. This includes that due to the “free” Higgs mass interaction in both of them. Moreover the H
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